Typewriter attachment



Aug. 4, 1936. F. sEDGwlcK TYPEWRITER ATTACHMENT Filed NOV. 22, 1933 L A Y 3 Sheets-Sheet l F. sl-:DGWlcK 'IYPEWRITER ATTACHMENT Filed NOV. 22, 1933 gmc/nm Aug. 4, 1936;

F. sEDGwlcK TYPEWRITER ATTACHMENT Filed NOV. 22, 1933 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 @Moana/n Cil Patented Aug. 4, 1936 NETE@ ST'ES TYPEWRTER ATTACHMENT Frederick Sedgwick, Washington, D. C.; Paul J. Sedgwick administrator of said Frederick Sedgwick, deceased Application November 22, 1933, Serial No. 699,288

17 Claims.

This invention is a cryptographic attachment for typewriters, by means of which the normal operation of a standard type keyboard may be so modified that the characters which are actually typed will be different from those indicated by the keys which are respectively struck by the operator.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide means for so controlling the operation of the printing mechanism of a typewriter that actuation of the typing mechanism will result in the production of a heterogeneous conglomeration of printed characters, which in fact constitute a cipher, the translation of which can only be effected by one having the key to, or a knowledge of the character of the adjustment referred to. A further object is to provide mechanism of the character mentioned by which a person having the key to the cipher and having a typewriter equipped with similar operation-controlling means may arbitrarily set the controlling means so as to harmonize with the cipher, whereby the striking of the keys in the order indicated by the characters of the printed cipher will result in automatic translation of the latter, and the printing of the message in its original uncoded form. A further object is to provide means for automatically changing the relations between the characters represented by the respective keys of the printing mechanism and the type characters corresponding thereto, at predetermined intervals, whereby the relation of the characters to the keys will be changed consecutively, but at intermittent intervals, so that the depression of a given key will cause different characters to be printed at diierent times during the typing of the cryptographic message, and thereby serve to complicate the decoding thereof. A further object is to provide mechanism so constructed and arranged as to break up, for all practical purposes, the continued regularity of any normal sequence of the appearance of any one or more of the type characters during the typing operations, so that the relation of the printing characters with respect to their normal respective operating keys is constantly changing during the operation of the machine. A further object is to provide an improved machine of the type illustrated in Letters Patent 1,985,635 issued to me February 3, 1914 and involving the same principle of operation.

The invention will be hereinafter fully set forth and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a top plan View diagrammatically illustrating a typewriter with the crytographic attachment applied thereto. Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view on the Vline 2 2, Figure 1. Figure 3 isV an enlarged detail sectional View of the control mechanism. Figure 4 is an enlarged hori- 5 zontal sectional view taken on line 4 4, Figure 3. Figure 5 is a diagrammatic view conventionally illustrating a type wheel or printing form. Figure 6 is an enlarged bottom plan view illustrating the device for changing the relation bel0 tween the typewriter keys and the type wheel. Figure 7 is a vertical sectional view on line 1 1, Figure 6. Figure 8 is an end View of the device of Figures 6 and 7. Figure 9 isa detail sectional View on the line 9 9, Figure 2. Figure 10 is a l5 detail sectional view on line in lll, Figure 1.

Figures 11, 12 and 13 are plan views respectively illustrating the dial member, the control disk and the actuator wheel of the cipher key mechanism. Figure 14 is a detail sectional view illustrating the 20 operation of the cipher-key mechanism. Figure 15 is a detail view illustrating one of the keycontrol pins. Fig. 16 is a detail cross-sectional View of the star wheel control member.

Although the present invention is described as applicable to the type of machine described and claimed in the patent above identied, itis to be understood that it is not limited thereto.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, 2t designates the frame of a well known form of 30 typewriting machine, mounted upon a base 2|. The type levers 22 are pivotally mounted in the frame in suitable manner and provided with finger pieces or keys 23, which are in operative connection with the usual ratchet mechanism for feeding the paper roll 24, and for actuating a type hammer 25, all of which are old in the art and so well understood in connection with the machine referred to that they are illustrated in a conventional manner.

Rotatably mounted inthe frame is an upright shaft 26, centrally located in the machine, and provided with a pinion 21 on its lower end, preferably located beneath the base. Meshing with the pinion 21 is a second pinion of a train of gears 45 28, which in turn are driven in suitable manner, preferably by means of a spring motor 29. The parts thus far described are so constructed and arranged that the shaft is rotated through the action of the spring and gears, subject, however, to automatic control of the mechanism to be hereinafter set forth. The form of typewriter abo-ve described has been selected for purposes of illustration, and without intent to limit the invention thereto.

lOY

Incarrying out the invention, the upper Vend of the shaft 25 is provided with a socket 30, shaped to receive a stud 3| on the lower end of a stub shaft 32. The upper end of said stub shaft is engaged by a bearing screw 33, which is adjustably mounted in a suitable bearing or supportr 34, carried by a head 35. It will be noted that the extremity 3l of the stub shaft 32 is angular in cross section, so that saidshaft will rotate with the shaft 25, but permitting ready disconnection of the stub shaft and removal of the head 35 as a unit, by relative axial movement.

Mounted on the stub shaft 32 is a gear 36, which is normally in mesh with a pinion 3l secured to and rotatable with the character form or type wheel 38.r wheel is loosely mounted upon a shaft 39, which in turn isrigidly supported inthe head v35. The character form or type wheel38is also axiallymovable along the shaft 39, and is normally held in depressed` position with'the pinion 3l in mesh with the gear wheel 36, by means ofra spring All, which reacts between an abutment on the end of the shaft 35 and a flange on the hub lll, of said character form orA type Wheel 38. -It Will be obvious that while the pinion 31 is in mesh with the gear 35, said pinion and the character form or type Wheel will be rotated as a unit, by movements imparted by the gear 36. The character V.forni or type wheel 38 is provided, around its periphery with the desired characters 42, which are arranged-in any suitable manner, but preferably to conform with the positions of the characters of the usual standard key board commonly employed on typewriting machines.

In connection with the setting of the cipher attachment, it is desirable to change the rela-y tion of the characters 52 on the type wheel or character form with relation Vto the type keys 23. To effect this, the character form or type wheel may be bodily lifted in an axial direction along the shaft 35, against'the tension of the spring 4G, `to a sufcient distance to shift the pinion 3l' out of engagement with the gear wheel 35. l/Vhile thepinion 3l and gear 36 are thus disengaged, the Character form orltype wheel and pinion unit may be rotated about the shaft 39 to any desired position. When the desired rotative adjustment has thereby been reached, said unit may be released, whereupon the'spring will reestablish engagement between the pinion 3l and the gear 36, so that said unit will be operated by said gear upon rotation ofthe shaft 25, the character formk or type wheel being thereby returned to an operative position with respect to thekeys. A knowledge of the relative positions of the letters on the character form or type wheel with relation to the operating keys forms a portion of the key to the automatic translation of the cipher, as will be hereinafter morefully set'forth. For the purposes of depicting the extent of adjustment of the type wheel or character form as above described, the head 35 is provided with a scale S, which is divided into two parts indicated by two sets of characters extending consecutively to the right and to the left. A Zero mark M is also provided on the type wheel or character form, and so positioned as `to cooperate with the scale to indicate to the initiated, the extent of predetermined adjustment of the type characters with respect to their original and normal positions. The-gear 35 may be removably connected to the stubgshaft 321m any desired manner, so that the head 35 may be removed from the machine for Said character form or typeV any purpose without entirely dismantling the re'- maining portion of the machine.

Secured to the stub shaft 32 for rotating therewith, and preferably below the gear 36 is a control arm 45, which projects radially from the shaft, andis so positioned as to engage a detent 45 (Fig. 4), which is suitably supported beneath the head 35. Said detent is pivotally mounted at 41, and is provided with a free end which normally lies in the path of movement of the arm 45. The other end of the detent is connected by means of a rod or link l5 to the usual universal bar 59 of the typewriter, which universal bar is normally in operative connection with all of the key levers 22, in a manner well understood in the art. By this arrangement, depression of any of the typewriter keys will rock the detent and move it out of the path of travel of the arm 46. While the keys are at rest and the detent is in its normal position, the arm t5 upon rotation of the stub shaft 32, will engage the detent and be stopped. Each time said arm is so stopped, the type wheel or character form 33 will be so positioned as to locate one of its characters in printing position, in time to be struck by the type hammer 25. Upon the depression of one of the type keys 23, the detent is caused to move about its pivot by the upward pressure of the rod 38, so as to move the detent out of engagement with the arm 55,` thereby releasing the type wheel or character form so` that it may make a rotative movement under the impulse of motor 29, until it is again arrested by engagement of the arm with the detent, which latter in the meantime assumes its normal position upon release of the key. In the meantime, the character form or type wheel will have normally been moved to such a position that the type character indicated by the depressed key will have been presented to printing position and struck against the paper.

To provide a cushion against the jar of the mechanism, and to gradually arrest movement of the arm 35 when it strikes the detent, a suitable shock absorber may be provided. For purposes of illustration, a cushioning bar 55 is movably supported'at one end in a stirrup 5l carried by the arm 55,Y and provided with a projection la at its free end, so located as to engage the detent. Said free end is providedV with a bifurcated portion 52, lnto which projects an offset lug 53 carried by the adjacent end of the arm 45. An elastic member such as a leaf spring V5-l is interposed between the bar 55 and the arm 4l, and is preferably secured against displacement by being secured to said bar 55. The elastic member 5d tends to normally hold the Ybar 50 away from the arm 55, but is adapted to yield when the bar 50 strikes the detent 36, and thereby form a cushion to Ygradually arrest or stop the movement of the arm 55. This arresting movement is necessary before the revolution of the type wheel or character form 38 is completed, so as to present the desired character at the proper point to effect the usual impression upon the paper.

The mechanism for effecting the type impressions upon a sheet of paper engaged with the platen roll will now be described. inserted loosely in bores formed in a semi-circular frame 55 (Figs. 2 land 9) is a series of vertical pins 55,

one for each of the type keys 23, each pin being f positioned above, and so located with respect to its type lever that the depression of its key will lift the pin. The key levers and the pins 55are yieldably'held in their inoperative positions, in any suitable manner, such as by springs 5l encircling said pins, and reacting between abutments on the pins and the frameY 55. The pins 56 are preferably arranged in the arc of a circle, and totheir respective upper ends are attached stop arms 58, which extend. radially inward toward a common center which coincides` with the axis of the shaft 26. A semi-circular guide ring 56d is secured to the frame of the machine, in spaced relation with respectto the frame 55, and concentric therewith. The guide ring is provided with a series of vertical slots, one for each of the arms 58, and so constructed and arranged to serve as guides for said arms. By this arrangement, the radial position of the several arms 5B is maintained, while they are left free for vertical reciprocation. The mechanism thus far described is all illustrated and described in Patent 1,085,636,

supra.

Loosely mounted upon the stub shaft 32 is a stop wheel 5%, which is designed to serve a double purpose, i. e. first, to arrest the type wheel or character form at points conforming, respectively to the characters to be printed, and second, to impart rotative movements to said wheelin such manner than the characters as they are printed will be constantly and systematically changed with respect to given keys, thereby complicating the printed cipher. The first function, were it not for the desired continuous shifting feature, could be performed by the gear wheel 31, but the second function requires the additional mechanism involving the wheel 59. The stop wheel 59 is shown in the form of a gear Wheel having peripheral teeth.

Attached to the stop wheel 59 and depending therefrom are a plurality of yielding stops 60, any number of which may be provided, but for purposes of illustration three are shown. The stops each comprise a member pivotally supported on the underside of the wheel 59 near the periphery thereof, said member having an inclined or beveled base 5l, and each stop member is yieldably held in a predetermined pivotal position by suitable springs 62. As stated, the members BS are located near the periphery of the wheel 59, so that they travel in a path immediately above the arms 58, whereby they may be engaged by any one of the arms when the latter is raised. For instance, the depression of a key 23 is designed to assure the stopping of the printing wheel in the proper position, to cause that type which corresponds with the key which has been depressed, to be brought into printing position. Should it so happen that ,one of the stops or detents Sil assumes a position of rest directly over the edge of one of the arms 58, it is apparent that the stop wheel 59 will not Vbe arrested at the proper position. Therefore, in order to prevent any damage Vto the mechanism, and to permit operation of the arm 53 to the full extent of its movement, in the event that a detent 6l) is immediately above the arm, each detent is so constructed that it will yield or will be moved about its pivotal support against the tension of the spring 52. In the present exemplication of the invention, the are described by each detent 60 between the ends of the two outside arms 58 preferably represents one-third of a circle, and is equal to the circumference of the type wheel. The gear 3S and pinion 3i' are also s o relatively proportioned with respect to the stop wheel 59 that the movement of each of the detents throughout the length of the arc described will cause one complete revolution of the type wheel.

It will be readily understood from the foregoing description that when a given key 23 is depressed, the arm 45 is released and the type wheel or character form is caused to revolve by' means of the spring 29, gearing 25 and shaft 26, until one of the detents 60 is engaged by the arm 58 which corresponds to the key 23 which has been depressed. This contact occurs at a time when the predetermined desired character is presented opposite to the type hammer 25, and while thus presented an impression is taken by the action of the hammer in the usual manner. Upon releasing the key 23, the type wheel or character form completes its revolution under the tension of its motor, and is arrested in its normal position by the engagement of the arm Q5 with the detent Mounted upon a depending stud 65 carried by the arm 45 is a pinion 66, the periphery of which isin mesh with the peripheral teeth 5l of the stop wheel 59. On the upper end of said stud is a Geneva pinion 68, i. e. one which is provided with peripheral concaved notches 59 separated by peripheral recesses l0. Meshing with said Geneva pinion 68 is a pinion il rotativeiy mounted upon a stud 'i2 carried in an oiset portion of the arm 55, said last mentioned pinion having peripheral pins "i3, complemental to the recesses 'Hl of the pinion 6%, said pins being separated by intermediate convexed portions lill, lila complemental with the recesses 69 of said pinion 58. It will be noted, however, that the pins 'i3 are not symmetrically spaced around the periphery of the pinion, but that the distance between them in one direction is equal to one-third of the periphery of the pinion and in the oth-er direction is equal to two-thirds of the pinion. The invention is not limited to the use of two pins i3 arranged as shown, because any number of pins may be used, provided that there is a break in their continuity of the character shown. The parts now being described are a modified form of what is known as a Geneva stop or lock. Located below the pinion 1|, and secured to the pin 'i2 is a control member illustrated as a star wheel l5 having three spaced radial arms as shown.

Mounted in the head 35 are pins 'l, '58, which are of a length somewhat greater than the thickness of the head, and so arranged as to be projected through the head in such a manner that one extremity of each may be extended into the path of movement of the arms of the star wheel 15. By this arrangement, when the arm 55 is advanced by the rotation of the shaft 32, and one or the other of the pins i'l or i8 is projected into the path of travel of the star wheel l5, which is carried by arm (l5, one of the said arms will strike the pin, whereby the star Wheel will be rotated by reason of the continued advance of the arm B5, the direction of rotation of the star wheel depending upon which of the pins Till and iS is depressed. It is to be understood that the pins 'il and 18 are arranged on opposite sides of the axis of rotation of the star wheel, so that one of the pins will rotate the star wheel in one direction and the other pin will rotate it in the opposite direction. Each time the star wheel is moved by a pin, one-third of a step of rotation will be imparted thereto, and as it is being rotated, if a pin 73 of pinion 'H is adjacent to the periphery of the pinion 68, and should enter one of the recesses 'lil of pinion 58, it will impart a corresponding rotative movement to the pinion 58, which through its connection with the pinion 6G, and the meshing of said pinion with the teeth ,recess 81 formed in the head plate.

of the stop wheel 59 will impart a coextensive rotative movement to said wheel 59, so as to adjust said wheel to a corresponding extent with respect to the fixed gear 36. The elect of this adjustment is to alter and change the positions of the detents 69 with respect to said gear 31, and also with respect to the character form or type wheel 38. If no pin 13 is in a position to engage pinion 68, the described movement of the star wheel will have no effect upon said pinion 68.l Y

In other words, the arrangement is such that the pinion 1| so cooperates with the star wheel 15 and the pinion 68, that successive movements imparted to the star Wheel will impart intermittent movements to the stop wheel 59. That is to say, for each complete revolution of the stop wheel in either direction there will be two Aconsecutive step-like movements imparted to said wheel 59 by corresponding step-like movements of the star wheel, followed by a pause of said stop wheel during the next step-like movement of the star wheel.

The automatic rotation of the star wheel 1| may be regulated in anysuitable manner, through the control pins 11 and 18. Said pins` are each preferably provided with a shoulder 89 (Figs. 10 and 14), movably mounted in'a recess 8i formed in the head 35, a suitable spring 82 being interposed between said shoulder and a suitable abute ment, so as to normally hold the lower extremities of the pins elevated, and out of the path of movement of the armsof the star wheel 15. There'- fore, unless the pins 11 and 18 are actuated or depressed, the operationof the stop and adjusting mechanism will be as already described, but if either o-ne of the pins should be depressed in any manner, manually or otherwise, then the adjustment of the wheel 59 with respect to the character form or type wheel, and the gear 31 will be effected, and thereby produce a cipher of a complex nature.

The operation of the pins 11 and 18 may be controlled in any suitable or desired manner. For purposes of illustration, the mechanism disclosed and claimed in Letters Patent 1,233,715

, has been selected.

Referring to Figures 4, 11, 12 and 13, 85 is a one-toothed pinion of a Geneva stop gear mechanism so positioned as to engage and drive a complemental stop gear B6 constructed in the form of a Geneva-type ring having the usual curved faces 98 and recesses 89 complemental to the periphery and Vtoo-th of the pinion 85, said ring being adapted to lit loosely within an annular The depth of the recess 39 is such as to Cause the upper face of the gear member 86 to be flush with the top face of the head plate A controlling disk 953, having a diameter substantially the same as that of the gear member 86 is placed directly over 1 said member and journalled upon a stud 9| xedly secured to the head l. A dial or cap plate 93, corresponding substantially in diameter to the last mentioned disk, is also journalled upon the stud el, said dial having a knob 94, detachably connected therewith by means of a pin to enable it to be rotated. A swinging latch 96 serves to secure the stop gear ring, control disk and dial in place. The Geneva gear member 86 is provided with a lseries of bores 91, equally spaced circumferentially of the ring and concentric with the axis thereof, there being oneof such bores for each of the peripheral stop curves 89.` A pin 98 is attached to the daI 93` in such manner that it may extend downwardly through a hole 99 formed in the disk 90, and thence into any one of the bores 91 in the gear ring 85. It will thus be seen that the disk 96 is caused to bear a fixed relation to the dial 93, while the relation between the dial and the disk and the gear ring may be varied at will by'placing the pin 98 in any selected one of the bores 91. The dial 93 is provided with a series of indicating characters which may be numerals, letters or other preferred characters, indicated-at |09, said characters corresponding in number with the bores 91, and so positioned 4that each character registers with a bore. A stationary indicator ||l| is formed upon the head 35 to serve as a zero or starting point by which to set the dial 93 to an initial cipher position, said indicator being so placed that one of the bores 91 of the gear 86 will always stand opposite thereto.

The disk 9! is` provided with two series of bores |62 and |93, arranged in concentricV circles and `upon different radii, the bores of each series being equidistant from each other and arranged to bear a predetermined fixed relation to the characters |99 on the dial 93. The several bores of the two series are alike in diameter, and each is adapted-to receive a removable plug such as indicated at |96, a portion of each plug being so disposed as to extend above the disk to enable the Yplug to be readily grasped by the operator for the purpose of removal or insertion, as well as to Contact with the undersurface of the dial plate, so that the plug may be held firmly in the bore vwhile in contact with a shift pin, as hereinafter 9 set forth. While any plug is in position in one of said bores,'the lowerY end of the plug should be normally flush with the bottom or operating surface of the disk. The shift pins 11 and 18 are so formed that while the upper ends thereof are flush with the undersurface of the disk 99, the lower end of the pin is caused to extend downwardly below the head plate 35 as is shown by reference to the pin 13. Each of the pins 11 and 18 is beveled on its upper end to permit it to pass out of any given bore while engaged by a plug |69 during rotation of disk 99. Inasmuch as the pins are beveled upon'one side only, it is essential that they should be prevented from r0- tating in order to be operated. This may be accomplished in anydesired manner, but as shown in the drawing the vertical recesses 8| may be provided with grooves |96, each of said pins 11 and 18 having a tooth |91 engaging its groove,

Yand thereby preventing relative rotation of the pin.

It is obvious that if plugs |04 were to be placed in all of the bores of one of the circular series |92 or |63, the shift pin for that series would ride past them, and be depressed at all times, thereby causing the type changing mechanism to be shifted regularly in a given direction with each character, or if a, part of the plugs are placed in one series of bores and apart in the other series, the star-wheel mechanism would be shifted in one or another direction according to the relative position of the plugs, care beingrtaken to so place the plugs as to cause the depression of but one shift pin at a time. From what has been stated, it follows that the number o-f possible variations orv permutations of a cipher would only be limited by the number of bores and plugs used, it being understood that the plugs used in the deciphering -disk should always be placed in the reverse order from that used in the enciphering disk. For instance, Fig. 12 discloses two concentricI series of bores |03 and |04 respectively, there being fifteen bores in each series. While the disk 93 is in operative position, the fteen characters IDU are so arranged that each character |00 is in radial alinement with the bore |93 and that each bore |04 will be in a radial position intermediate between the radial positions of the bores l t3. Thus, the bore |03, which is adjacent to the hole 93, will be indicated by the character A on disk 93, and the first bore |04 upwardly from the position of the last-mentioned bore |03, will also be designated by the same character A. Naturally, the other bores Will be similarly indicated by the other respective characters |50. Assuming therefore, that the enciphering plugs l |14 have been placed in bores |53 corresponding to the letters A, C and E, and in bores U4 corresponding to letters G, I and K, it will be necessary to reverse the positions of the plugs to accomplish decoding of the message. That is to say, the plugs will be placed in the outside bores ID3 in the positions G, I and K and in the inside bores |94 in the positions A, C and E.

The operation of the machine will be briefly described as followsz- Any arbitrarily selected key may be successively depressed and released until pinion 1| is adjusted to a predetermined position, preferably with the longer convex portion M in engagement with a recess E5 of the pinion 58. This adjustment must be effected and noted before setting the part of the machine for enciphering purposes, because the pinion must be brought to the same position to properly initiate the deciphering functions of the machine. A suitable opening inthe top plate may be provided, so that. the operator may observe the rotations of the pinion 1|. It is to be understood that any of the operative positions of the pinion 'll may be selected, vbut whichever one is selected must be duplicated for the deciphering adjustment. For convenience, it is suggested that the pinion be adjusted so that the larger curve 'Ma is in engagement with a complemental recess in the pinion 58, so that the two pins 'i3 are out of engagement. Before making any other adjustments, the type wheel or character form 38 must be in proper position for writing uncoded words in the normal way, if it has been previously adjusted to abnormal position for coding purposes. That is to say, the normal operative position would be with the letter a on the type wheel or character form, in such a position that upon depression of the key 23 bearing the same character a, said character will be printed upon the paper. It will be readily understood that by grasping the hub and moving it axially against the tension of spring 4S, the operator may lift the character wheel 3B a sufcient distance to disengage the pinion 3l from the gear 35, leaving the wheel 38 free for manual rotation to its proper normal position, which position will be maintained upon release of the hub, because of re-engagement of the pinion 3l with the gear 3E. By the same method, the wheel 33 should then be adjusted to any desired arbitrarily determined position, of which a record should be taken. The adjustment is effected by moving the mark M to any position either to the right or to the left of the zero position on scale S, and into such a position that the said mark M will register with one of the graduations for instance, so that the mark M is placed to the right of the zero point on the scale. This will form a portion of the cipher key. It is well known to typists that if the space bar is depressed and temporarily held in depressed position, the movable parts normally operated by the keys are rendered temporarily inoperative, and all such moving parts of the machine are held against movement.` Having adjusted the type wheel, as above described it may be returned to its operative position with gears 36 and 3l in mesh.' The space bar is then depressed so as to normally render all parts temporarily inoperative, in-the manner above referred to, and while thus depressed the disk SI1, dial 93 and the gear ring "91 are adjusted so that any one of the characters |00 will be opposite to the pointer il. Of course, the arbitrarily se.- lected number of pins |03 and lill! are properly inserted into their respective pre-selected bores before any of the above mentioned adjustments are made. the parts will be in a position to type the message, it being understood, however, that before the dial 93 is placed in position, any selected number of the plugs |04 will have been placed in the series of bores |02 and |03. A record must be kept of the positions of these pins, because as above stated, a reverse arrangement thereof is required in order to decipher. No predetermined setting adjustment of the stop wheel 59 and the detents 6o with respect to the other mechanism is required. This is because the detents` are equally spaced around a circle and the wheel 59 will move exactly the same distance each time a detent is released from its stop. Its relation to the other parts for enciphering and deciphering is controlled by the initial adjustment of the pinion 'l With the parts thus adjusted, the typewriter may be operated in the normal way of typewriting, that is to say by operating the keys 23 and the space bar or space key usual in machines of this character. the machine will be such a baffling conglomeration of characters as to practically defy translation unless the translator is in possession of a typing machine similar to that on which the typed matter was originally written, and is also in possession of the key on which the matter has been coded, as will be later pointed out. Even the operator of the machine will not know just what character will be printed-by the depression of any of the keys of the typewriter. For instance, whenthe A key is depressed some other character will be presented, due to the initial adjustment of the type wheel 42 out of its normal relation to the type key, and a corresponding misplacement of all of the other characters occurs. As the keys are manipulated the star wheel l5, in its intermittent operations, and the plugs |04 are constantly changing the relation of the stop Wheel with respect to the type wheel and therefore correspondingly changed the permutations in a mechanically definite sequence, which is capable of being reversed in an accurately controlled manner. After the message has been thus typewritten, it may be transmitted by mail, telegraph or other manner to the person for whom it is intended, it being understood that the transmission is in the exact form of the con- `glomeration of letters Written by the machine.

It is necessary thatthe receiver of the message or translater thereof, shall be provided with the key to the message, which may be arranged either by predetermined agreement, or separately transmitted by mail, telegraph or by other form of transmission. v

i To translate the message the translator must 'I'he space bar is then released and The result of this operation of first adjust the pinion 61 to the initial position which it occupied before the message was enciphered. It will then be necessary to adjust theY type wheel or character form to that position which is normal, namely in which a depression of the key designated ot will result in the printing of the type character a. If the cipher-key indicates that the position of the type wheel or character form was adjusted, say to thethird graduation to the right hand side of the zero mark, then the translator adjusts the type wheel to the left to corresponding degree on the left hand side of the zero, i. e., in a direction reverse to that direction in which it was adjusted to send the message. The 'plugs |04 are then rearranged in the Vdisk in the reverse positions to those occupied by the pins previously employed in the enciphering operation, in a manner already described. With these adjustments the machine is in condition to translate the message, the translation being eiTected by simply operating the keys 23 in the sequence corresponding to the printed characters as they occur in the cipher. As the mechanism is adjusted to operate reversely from the direction of operation when sending the ciphergrand as'the pins |04 are directly reverse to the positions occupied by the pins in sending the message, they will operate on the pins 11 and 18 directly the reverse to the operation by the disk in the enciphering operation, so that the star wheel will be moved in the opposite directions and rotate pinion 1| in a corresponding reverse direction. In this manner, the message will be correctly and automatically translated, because the original characters will be presented to the printingposition in the same manner as would occur in the event of a regular transposition of the characters in the absence of a shifting mechanism.

The advantages of the invention will be understood by those skilled in the art to which it belongs. For instance, it will be particularly'noted that no matter what movements may have been imposed upon the printing mechanism, a variable cipher is produced of such complexity, and of such complete lack of consecutive repetition of characters of rythm, as to be practically undecipherable under normal methods. However, by starting the mechanism from the samepoint as in the enciphering functions, the cipher characters being struck upon the keyboard of the machine in the order in which they were printed in the first instance, the characters of the original copy or message will be brought to printing position as these cipher characters are successively struck. By constructing the pinion 1I with two pins instead of three, there is a further complication thrown into the enciphering functions, because of the intermittent movements imparted to the stop wheel 59. In other words, for each complete revolution in either direction, there will be a period of two consecutive step-like movements imparted to the Wheel 59 by successive step by step movements ofthe star wheel, followed by a period of pause of said stop wheel during' the next successive step-like movement of the star wheel. This serves to break up the continuity or regularity of repetition of the normal movement of the star wheel and is equally operable in coding or decoding operations.

It will also be readily understood that the machine is comparatively simple in construction, and notwithstanding the complexity of its functions, is under positive control at all times as it is performing its coding and decoding functions.

.It is to be understood that although the pinion l2 is shown with but two teeth, the invention is not limited to this number. In other words, a plurality of sets of teeth may be employed, each set corresponding to the arrangement shown, it being essential, however, that the number of bores of each set of bores H32, E63 shall not be a multiple oi the number of teeth on pinion l2.

Having thus explained the nature of the invention and described an operative manner of constructing and using the same, although without attempting to set forth all of the forms in Which it may be made, or all of the forms of its use, what is claimed is:-

1. In a cryptographic typewriter, a rotatively mounted key controlled type wheel provided with a series of type characters arranged in a predetermined sequence, a rotatively mounted stop wheel, means connecting the stop wheel and the type wheel in such manner that rotation of the stop Wheel selectively limits rotation of the type wheel, means for releasing the stop wheel for variably limited rotative movements, control mechanism for Varying the relation of the stop wheel with respect to the type wheel, said control mechanism being rotatively mounted independently of the stop wheel and including a rotatively mounted control member supported in such manner as to' travel in a plane adjacent to one face of the stop Wheel and in a path concentric to its periphery, means for releasing the control mechanism for limited rotative movements, means for imparting independent step by step rotative movement to the control member' during successive rotative movements oi the control mechanism, and connecting means interposed between said control member and the stop wheel whereby said step by step rotative movements are communicated to the stop wheel in such manner as to change the relation of the stop Wheel with respect to the type wheel, said connecting means including means for intermittently interrupting the connection between the stop wheel and the control member during continuously consecutive step by step movements of the control member.

2.V In a cryptographic typewriter, a rotatively mounted key-controlled type wheel provided with a series of type characters arranged in a predetermined sequence, a rotatively mounted stop wheel, means connecting the stop wheel and the type wheel in such manner that rotation of the stop wheel selectively limits rotation of the type wheel, means for releasing the stop wheel for variably limited rotative movements, an arm extended radially with respect-to said stop wheel and rotatively mounted at one end in such manner that its outer end will travel in a plane adjacent to a face of the stop wheel and in a path concentric to its periphery, means for releasing said arm for limited rotative movements, a rotatively mounted control member carried by the outer end of said arm, means forV imparting independentrstep by step rotative movements to said control member during successive rotative movements of said arm, and'transmission means also carried by the outer end of said arm and interposed between said control member and'the'stop wheel for imparting step by step rotative movements tothe stop wheel in such manner as to change the relation ofthe stopV wheel with respect to the type wheel, said transmission means including a drive pinion having means for intermittently interrupting theconnection between the stop wheelV andthe control Vmember during consecutive step by step rotative movements of the control member.

3. In a cryptographic typewriter, a rotatively mounted key-controlled type wheel provided with a series of type characters arranged in a predetermined sequence, a rotatively mounted stop Wheel, means connecting the stop wheel and the type wheel in such manner that rotation of the stop Wheel selectively limits rotation of the type wheel, means for releasing the stop wheel for variably limited rotative movements, an arm rotatively mounted at one end in such manner that its outer end is free to swing in a circular path adjacent one face of said stop wheel and concentrioally with its periphery, means for releasing said arm for limited rotative movements, a shaft rotatively supported in the outer end of said arm, a control member secured to said shaft so as to rotate therewith, means for imparting step by step rotative movements to said control member during successive rotative movements of said arm, a drive pinion secured to said shaft and transmission gearing also rotatively mounted on the outer end of said arm and so disposed as to operatively connect qaid drive pinion and said stop Wheel in such manner that said step by step rotative movements are connected to the stop wheel in such manner as to change the relation of the stop wheel with respect to the type Wheel, said drive pinion having irregularly spaced teeth providing a neutral space so constructed and arranged as to intermittently interrupt the connection between the stop wheel and the control member during continuously consecutive step by step movements of the control member.

4. In a cryptographic typewriter, a rotatively mounted key-controlled type wheel provided with a series of type connections arranged in a predetermined sequence, a rotatively mounted stop Wheel, means connecting the stop wheel and the type wheel in such manner that rotation of the stop wheel selectively limits rotation of the type wheel, means for releasing the stop wheel for variably limited rotative movements, an arm radially disposed with respect to said stop wheel and rotatively supported at one end so that its outer end is free to travel in an arcuate path concentric with the periphery of the stop wheel, and adjacent to one face thereof means for releasing said arm for limited rotative movements, a shaft rotatively `mounted in the free end of said arm, a control member carried by said shaft and located above the arm, means for imparting independent step by step rotative movements to said control member during successive rotative movement of said arm, a pinion also mounted on said shaft below said arm, a second shaft rotatively mounted in the outer end of said arm adjacent the first mentioned shaft, a driven pinion on said second shaft meshing with said control member, said pinions being of the Geneva type and engaged in such manner that said step by step rotative movements are communicated to the stop wheel to change the relation of the stop wheel with respect to the type Wheel, the first mentioned pinion including means for intermittently interrupting the connection between the stop wheel and the control member during continuously consecutive step by step movement of the control member.

5. In a cryptographic typewriter, a rotatively neunted key-controlled type wheel provided with a series of type characters arranged in a predetermined sequence, a rotatively mounted stop wheel, means connecting the stop wheel and the type wheel in such manner that rotation of the stop wheel selectively limits rotation of the type wheel, means for releasing the stop wheel for variably limited rotative movements, an arm having one end axially mounted with respect to the control wheel, said arm being eX- tended radially with respect to said control wheel and so supported that its outer end is free to travel in a circular path concentric with said stop wheel, and adjacent to one face of said stop Wheel, means for releasing said arm for limited rotative movements, spaced apart shafts rotatively mounted in the outer end of said arm, a control member secured to one of said shafts, means for imparting independent step by step rotative movements to said control member durn ing successive rotative movements of said arm, a pinion secured to the other shaft and meshing with said stop wheel, transmission pinions on the respective shafts meshing with each other, said pinions and shafts connecting the control member with the stop wheel so that said` step by step rotative movements are communicated to the stop Wheel in such manner as to change the relation of the stop Wheel with respect to the type wheel, said transmission pinions including means for intermittently interrupting the connection between the stop Wheel and the control member during continuously consecutive step by step movements of the control member.

6. In a cryptographic typewriter, a rotatively mounted key-controlled type Wheel provided with a series of type characters arranged in a predetermined sequence, a rotatively mounted stop wheel, means connecting the stop wheel and the type wheel in such manner that rotation of the stop Wheel selectively limits rotation of the type wheel, means for releasing the stop Wheel to variably limited rotative movements, a control arm radially and rotatively mounted with respect to the stop wheel and so supported that one end thereof is free to travel in an arcuate path and concentric with the periphery of the control wheel, and adjacent to one face of said wheel, means for releasing said control arm for limited rotative movements, spaced apart shafts rotatively mounted in the free end of said arm, a radially slotted control disk secured to one of said shafts, means constructed and arranged to engage the slotted portions of said control disk in such manner as to impart step by step rotation thereto during successive rotative movements of said arm, a pinion secured to the other shaft and meshing with said stop wheel, transmission pinions on the respective shafts meshing with each other in such manner that the said step by step rotative movements are communicated to the stop wheel in such manner as to change the relation of the stop wheel with respect to the type wheel, said transmission pinions being provided with means for intermittently interrupting the operative connection between the stop wheel and the control disk during continuously consecutive step by step movements of said control disk. m

'7. In a cryptographic typewriter, a rotatively mounted key-controlled type wheel provided with a series of type characters arranged in a predetermined sequence, a rotatively mounted stop wheel, means connecting the stop Wheel and the type wheel in such manner that rotation of the stop wheel selectively limits rotation of the type wheel, means for releasing the stop Wheel to variably limited rotative movements, a control arm radially and rotatively mounted with respect to the stop wheel and so supported that one end thereof is free to travel in an arcuate path adjacent to one surface of and concentric with the periphery of the control wheel, means for releasing said control arm for limited rotative movements, spaced apart shafts rotatie-.rely mounted in the free end of said arm, a radially slotted control disk secured to one of said shafts, means constructed and arranged to engage the slotted portions of said control diskV in such manner as to impart step by step rotation thereto during successive rotative movements oi said arm, a pinion secured to the other shaft and meshing with said stop wheel, trans-V mission pinions on the respective shafts meshing with each other in such manner that the said step by step rotative movements are communicated to the sto-p wheel so as to change the relation of the stop wheel with respect to the type wheel, one of said transmission pinions having two teeth closer together in one direction periphcrally than in the other direction Vand so constructed and arranged as to intermittently interrupt the operative connection between the stop wheel and the control disk during continuously consecutive step by step movements of the control member.

8. Inra cryptographic typewriter, a rotatively Y mounted key-controlled type wheel provided with a series of type characters arranged in a predetermined sequence, a rotatively mounted stop wheel, means connecting the stop wheel and the type Wheel in such manner that rotation of the stop wheel selectively limits rotation of the type wheel, means for releasing the stop wheel to variably limited rotative movements, a rotatively mounted control member, means for causing said control member to travelin a circular path adjacent to one face of and concentric with the periphery of said stop wheel, control mechanism including a disk having recesses therein and one or more removable plugs complemental to said recesses, means controlled by said plugs for imparting step by step rotative movements to the control member during successive movements thereof adjacent to said stop wheel and means interposed between the control member and the stop wheel whereby said step by step rotative adjustments are communicated to the stop` wheel in such manner as to change the relation ofthe stop wheel with respect to the type wheel, said connecting means including means for intermittently interrupting the connection between the stop wheel and the control member during continu- Y ously consecutive step by step movements of the control member, the recesses in said disk being of a predetermined number other than a multiple of the number of step by step adjustments imparted to the stop wheel between the successive interruptions of said adjustments.

9. In a cryptographic typewriter, a rotatively mounted key-controlled type wheel provided with a series of type characters arranged in Va predetermined sequence, a rotatively mounted stop wheel, means connecting-the stop wheel and the type wheel in such manner that rotation ot the stop wheel selectively limits rotation of the type wheel, means 'for releasing the stop wheel to variably limited rotative movements, a radially supported control member, means for causing said control member to travel in a circular path adjacent to one face of and concentric with the periphery of said stop wheel, control mechanism including a disk having recesses therein and oneV or more removable plugs complemental to the recesses, means controlled by said plugs for imparting independent step by step rotative movements to the control member durin f its travel adjacent to the stop mechanism, and means interposed between the control member Vand the stop wheel whereby step by'stepiadjustments are communicated to the stop wheel in such manner as to change the relation of the stop Wheel with respect to the 'type wheel, said interposed means including a pinion provided with teeth so rela- 'tively spaced with respect to each other as to intermittently interrupt the connection between the stop wheel and the control member, the recesses in said disk being of a predetermined number other than a multiple of number of teeth on said pinion.

l0. In a cryptographic typewriter, a rotatively mounted key-controlled'type wheel provided with a series of type characters arranged in a predetermined sequence, a rotativeiy mounted stop wheel, means connecting the stop wheel and the type wheelV in such manner that rotation of the stop wheel selectively limits rotation of the type wheel, means for releasing the Ystop wheel for variably limited rotative movements,`a radially supported control member, means for causing said control member to travel a circular path adjacent to one face ci and concentricr with the periphery of said stop wheel, control mechanism including a disk havingrecesses therein and one or more removable plugs-complemental to the recesses, means controlled by said plugs for imparting independent step by step rotative movements to the control member during its travel adjacent to the stop mechanism, and means interposed between the control member and the stop wheel whereby step by step adjustments are communicated to the stop wheel in such manner as to change the relation of the stop wheel with respect to the type wheel, said interposed means including a, pinion having two teeth so spaced with respect to Veach other as to successively provide a plurality of step by stepr adjustments of uniform intervals interrupted by a period of rest, the nuni.- ber of recesses in said disk being of a predetermined number other than a multiple oi the number of teeth of said pinion. Y

Y ll. A cryptographic typewriter comprising a rotatively mounted key controlled type wheel provided with a series of type characters arranged in a predetermined sequence, a driven shaft, a stopl wheel mounted on said shaft in such manner as to rotate therewith, means connecting the stop wheel and the type wheel in such manner that rotation of the stop wheel selectively limits rotation of the type wheel, means for releasing the stop wheel for variably limited rotative movements, an arm secured at one end to said shaft and having a free end-extended radially with respect to the stop wheel, and adjacent one face thereof a control member rotativeiy mounted on the outer free end Vof said arm at a position adjacent to the periphery of the stop wheel, control mechanism including a disk having recesses therein and one or more removable plugs complemental to ther recesses, means controlled by said plugs for Vimparting step by step rotative Vmovements to the control member during travel of saidV arm adjacent the stop wheel, means connected with n said shaft forV imparting step by Step rotation to said disk, and means interposed between thc control member and the stop wheel for imparting step by step adjustments to said stop wheel, said interposed-means including means for intermittently interrupting the connection between the stop wheel and the control member during continuously consecutive step by step movements of the control member, the recesses in said disk being of a predetermined number other than a multiple of the number of step by step adjustments imparted to the control wheel between the respective interruptions to the corresponding movement of the stop wheel.

12. A cryptographic typewriter comprising a rotatively mounted key-controlled type wheel provided with a series of type characters arranged in a predetermined sequence, a driven shaft, a stop wheel mounted on said shaft in such manner as to rotate therewith, means connecting the stop wheel and the type wheel in such manner that rotation of the stop wheel selectively limits rotation of the type wheel, means for releasing the stop wheel for variably limited rotative movements, an arm secured at one end to said shaft and having a free end extended radially with respect to the stop wheel, and adjacent one face thereof, a control member rotatively mounted on the outer free end of said arm at a position adjacent to the periphery of the stop wheel, control mechanism including a disk having recesses therein and one or more removable plugs complemental to the recesses, means controlled by said plugs for imparting step by step rotative movements to the control member during travel of ysaid arm adjacent the stop wheel, meansY connected with said shaft for imparting step by step rotation to said disk, and means interposed between the control member and the stop wheel for imparting step by step adjustments to said stop wheel, said interposed means including a pinion having a plurality of irregularly spaced teeth so constructed and arranged as to predeterminedly and intermittently interrupt the step by step adjustments to the stop wheel during equal and consecutive step by step movements of the control member, the number of recesses in said disk being of a predetermined number other than a multiple of the number of teeth on said pinion.

13. In a cryptographic typewriter, a control device comprising an arm having shaft-engaging means at one end, a rotatively mounted control wheel at the other end, a drive pinion rotatable with said wheel, transmission means also mounted on the last mentioned end of said arm and meshing with said pinion, said pinion having irregular- 1y spaced teeth so constructed and arranged as to intermittently interrupt rotative movements applied to said transmission means.

14. A. control device for cryptographic machines comprising an arm having shaft-engaging means at one end, a slotted control member rotatively mounted at the other end, transmission means also mounted on the last mentioned end of said arm, and a drive pinion actuated by said control member and meshing with said transmission means, the teeth of said drive pinion being so relatively spaced as to successively provide a plurality of step by step adjustments to said transmission means of uniform intervals, interrupted by a period of rest.

15. A control device for cryptographic machines, comprising an arm having shaft-engaging means at one end, a control member rotatively mounted at the other end, a pinion driven by said control member, and transmission means also mounted in the last mentioned end of said arm, said transmission means meshing with said pinion, said pinion and its complemental member of said transmission means being of the Geneva movement type, said pinion having two teeth located closer together in one direction than in the other direction around the periphery of the pinion.

16. A control device for cryptographic machines comprising an arm having shaft-engaging means at one end, two shafts rotatively mounted in the other end at positions adjacent each other, a star wheel mounted on one of said shafts, a drive pinion also mounted on said shaft, transmission pinions mounted on the other shaft,'the rst mentioned pinion meshing with one of the said transmission pinions, said rst mentioned pinion having irregularly shaped teeth so constructed and arranged as to intermittently interrupt the movements imparted to said transmission pinions.

1'7. In a cryptographic typewriter, a control device comprising an arm having shaft-engaging means at one end, a rotatively mounted control wheel at the other end, a pinion driven by said control wheel, and transmission means also mounted on said other end of the arm and meshing with said pinion, said pinion having irregularly spaced teeth so constructed and arranged as to intermittently interrupt rotative movements applied to said transmission means.

FREDERICK SEDGWICK. 

